According to one of the classifications of non-opioid analgesics can be divided into and opioid.
Non-opioid drugs are generally used in the removal of weak pains, as the basic principle of their action is directed toward a peripheral impact on the focus of pain. Opioid drugs are prescribed for pain moderate to severe. Analgesics in this group are the central action of working at the level of the spinal cord and brain, causing inhibition of ascending pain impulse.
Opioid drugs within their own group as well be divided into subgroups, according to relief of severe and moderate pain, as well as for analgesic ability.
All opioid drugs group brings together not only their ability to anesthesia, but their side-effect, the degree of which depends on the individual links of the drug with opioid receptors. And depending on the nature and methods of these bonds opioid analgesics are divided into: partial agonists mretseptorov opioid (buprenorphine), these drugs have a longer-lasting effects, but not sufficiently strong analgesic potential side effects and it is also less pronounced, typical analgesic dose limit; mixed opioid agonistovantagonistov (butorphanol, pentazocine, nalbuphine), they have the degree of analgesic effect is lower than that of morphine, but the side symptoms of the same smoothed in patients less nausea, dizziness, difficulty breathing, for these drugs is characterized by the effect of limiting the dose; agonists s (sigma) receptors (ketamine), is characterized by a large number of adverse effects on the background of moderate pain. Effectiveness of these drugs is caused by their similarity with opioid receptors, the higher it is, the analgesic effect longer.Separately from all of the opioid drug tramadol is it pain though belongs to the opioid, essentially shows no narcotic properties. Tramadol use, as in relieving chronic and acute postoperative pain syndromes. In this analgesic side effects are less pronounced, and often completely disappear without a correction in the dosage a few weeks. The drug can be used as an ad hoc, and at very long-term treatment. Tramadol used in cases with moderate pain syndrome, often use it in conjunction with non-opioid analgesics for pain relief in a 3-4 he would not be effective. Trauma in practice came in the 80 years of 20 century, and since then its capabilities have been studied thoroughly, so now it is widely used in various fields of medicine.
